Journal of Affective Disorders
Volume 122, Issue 1 , Pages 1-9 , April 2010

Valproate for the treatment of acute bipolar depression: Systematic review and meta-analysis

  • L.A. Smith

      Affiliations

    • Medical Research Matters, 77 Witney Road, Eynsham, OX29 4PN, UK
  • ,
  • V.R. Cornelius

      Affiliations

    • Medical Research Matters, 77 Witney Road, Eynsham, OX29 4PN, UK
  • ,
  • J.M. Azorin

      Affiliations

    • Service de Psychiatrie Adulte, Hôpital Sainte Marguerite, 13274 MARSEILLE Cedex 9, France
  • ,
  • G. Perugi

      Affiliations

    • Clinica Psichiatrica, Università di Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56100 Pisa, Italy
  • ,
  • E. Vieta

      Affiliations

    • Bipolar Disorders Programme, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
  • ,
  • A.H. Young

      Affiliations

    • Institute of Mental Health, Dept. of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Suite 430 - 5950 University Blvd., Vancouver, Canada BC V6T 1Z3
  • ,
  • C.L. Bowden

      Affiliations

    • University of Texas Health Science Center, Department of Psychiatry, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, (mail code 7792), San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +1 210 567 5405; fax: +1 210 567 3759.

Received 1 July 2009 ,Revised 28 October 2009 ,Accepted 28 October 2009.

References 

  1. Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists . Australian and New Zealand clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of bipolar disorder. Aust. NZ J. Psychiatry. 2004;38:280–305
  2. Benazzi F. Prevalence of bipolar II disorder in outpatient depression: a 203-case study in private practice. J. Affect. Disord. 1997;43:163–166
  3. Bradburn MJ, Deeks JJ, Berlin JA, Russell Localio A. Much ado about nothing: a comparison of the performance of meta-analytical methods with rare events. Stat. Med. 2007;26:53–77
  4. Calabrese JR, Hirschfeld RM, Frye MA, Reed ML. Impact of depressive symptoms compared with manic symptoms in bipolar disorder: results of a U.S. community-based sample. J. Clin. Psychiatry. 2004;65:1499–1504
  5. Calabrese JR, Keck PE, Macfadden W, Minkwitz M, Ketter TA, Weisler RH, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of quetiapine in the treatment of bipolar I or II depression. Am. J. Psychiatry. 2005;162:1351–1360
  6. Calabrese JR, Kasper S, Johnson G, Tajima O, Vieta E, Yatham LN, et al. International Consensus Group on the evidence-based pharmacologic treatment of bipolar I and II depression. J. Clin. Psychiatry. 2008;69:1632–1646
  7. Davis LL, Bartolucci A, Petty F. Divalproex in the treatment of bipolar depression: a placebo-controlled study. J. Affect. Disord. 2005;85:259–266
  8. Geddes JR, Calabrese JR, Goodwin GM. Lamotrigine for treatment of bipolar depression: independent meta-analysis and meta-regression of individual patient data from five randomised trials. Br. J. Psychiatry. 2009;194:4–9
  9. Ghaemi SN, Goodwin FK. Long-term naturalistic treatment of depressive symptoms in bipolar illness with divalproex vs. lithium in the setting of minimal antidepressant use. J. Affect. Disord. 2001;65:281–287
  10. Ghaemi SN, Gilmer WS, Goldberg JF, Zablotsky B, Kemp DE, Kelley ME, et al. Divalproex in the treatment of acute bipolar depression: a preliminary double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study. J. Clin. Psychiatry. 2007;68:1840–1844
  11. Gijsman HJ, Geddes JR, Rendell JM, Nolen WA, Goodwin GM. Antidepressants for bipolar depression: a systematic review of randomized, controlled trials. Am. J. Psychiatry. 2004;161:1537–1547
  12. Goodwin GM. Evidence-based guidelines for treating bipolar disorder: recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology. J. Psychopharmacol. (Oxf., England). 2003;17:149–173Discussion 147
  13. In:  Higgins JGS editors. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Chichester (UK): Wiley-Blackwell; 2008;
  14. Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. Bmj. 2003;327:557–560
  15. Hirschfeld RM. Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with bipolar disorder (revision). Am. J. Psychiatry. 2002;159:1–50
  16. Hirschfeld RM, Calabrese JR, Weissman MM, Reed M, Davies MA, Frye MA, et al. Screening for bipolar disorder in the community. J. Clin. Psychiatry. 2003;64:53–59
  17. Hirschfeld RM, Cass AR, Holt DC, Carlson CA. Screening for bipolar disorder in patients treated for depression in a family medicine clinic. J. Am. Board of Family Practice/Am. Board Family Practice. 2005;18:233–239
  18. Judd LL, Akiskal HS, Schettler PJ, Endicott J, Maser J, Solomon DA, et al. The long-term natural history of the weekly symptomatic status of bipolar I disorder. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 2002;59:530–537
  19. Juni PAD, Egger M. Assessing the Quality of Randomised Controlled Trials. BMJ Publishing group; 2001;
  20. Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, Jin R, Merikangas KR, Walters EE. Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 2005;62:593–602
  21. Kupka RW, Altshuler LL, Nolen WA, Suppes T, Luckenbaugh DA, Leverich GS, et al. Three times more days depressed than manic or hypomanic in both bipolar I and bipolar II disorder. Bipolar Disord. 2007;9:531–535
  22. Meador KJ, Baker GA, Browning N, Clayton-Smith J, Combs-Cantrell DT, Cohen M, et al. Cognitive function at 3years of age after fetal exposure to antiepileptic drugs. N. Engl. J. Med. 2009;360:1597–1605
  23. Morrow J, Russell A, Guthrie E, Parsons L, Robertson I, Waddell R, et al. Malformation risks of antiepileptic drugs in pregnancy: a prospective study from the UK Epilepsy and Pregnancy Register. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 2006;77:193–198
  24. Muzina D, Ganocy S, Khalife S, Gao K, Kemp D, Bachtel M, et al. A Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study of Divalproex Extended-release in Newly Diagnosed Mood Stabiliser Naive Patients with Acute Bipolar I or II Depression. In: Presented at the 48th NCDEU Meeting: New Approaches for Mental Health Interventions, Phoenix, Arizona, USA May 27–30 2008. 2008;
  25. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence . The Management of Bipolar Disorder in Adults, Children and Adolescents, in Primary and Secondary Care. National Clinical Practice Guideline Number 38. 2006;
  26. Sachs G, Altshuler L, Ketter T, Suppes T, Rasgon N, Frye M, et al. Divalproex versus Placebo for the Treatment of Biolar Depression. In: Presented at the 40th Annual Meeting of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology December 9–13, 2001 San Juan, Puerto Rico. 2001;
  27. Thase ME, Macfadden W, Weisler RH, Chang W, Paulsson B, Khan A, et al. Efficacy of quetiapine monotherapy in bipolar I and II depression: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study (the BOLDER II study). J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 2006;26:600–609
  28. Thase ME, Jonas A, Khan A, Bowden CL, Wu X, McQuade RD, et al. Aripiprazole monotherapy in nonpsychotic bipolar I depression: results of 2 randomized, placebo-controlled studies. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 2008;28:13–20
  29. Tohen M, Vieta E, Calabrese J, Ketter TA, Sachs G, Bowden C, et al. Efficacy of olanzapine and olanzapine–fluoxetine combination in the treatment of bipolar I depression. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 2003;60:1079–1088
  30. Tomson T, Battino D. Pregnancy and epilepsy: what should we tell our patients?. J. Neurol. 2009;256:856–862
  31. Winsberg ME, DeGolia SG, Strong CM, Ketter TAm. Divalproex therapy in medication-naive and mood-stabilizer-naive bipolar II depression. J. Affect. Disord. 2001;67:207–212
  32. Yatham LN, Kennedy SH, O'Donovan C, Parikh SV, Macqueen G, Mclntyre RS, et al. Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) guidelines for the management of patients with bipolar disorder: update 2007. Bipolar Disord. 2006;8:721–739
  33. Yusuf S, Wittes J, Probstfield J, Tyroler HA. Analysis and interpretation of treatment effects in subgroups of patients in randomized clinical trials. Jama. 1991;266:93–98

PII: S0165-0327(09)00495-9

doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2009.10.033

Journal of Affective Disorders
Volume 122, Issue 1 , Pages 1-9 , April 2010