Journal of Affective Disorders
Volume 122, Issue 1 , Pages 86-95 , April 2010

A 4-item measure of depression and anxiety: Validation and standardization of the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) in the general population

  • Bernd Löwe

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf and Hamburg-Eilbek (Schön Clinics), Germany
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany. Tel.: +49 40 7410 59733; fax: +49 40 7410 54975.
    • ,
  • Inka Wahl

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf and Hamburg-Eilbek (Schön Clinics), Germany
    • ,
  • Matthias Rose

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf and Hamburg-Eilbek (Schön Clinics), Germany
    • ,
  • Carsten Spitzer

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf and Hamburg-Eilbek (Schön Clinics), Germany
    • ,
  • Heide Glaesmer

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Germany
    • ,
  • Katja Wingenfeld

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf and Hamburg-Eilbek (Schön Clinics), Germany
    • ,
  • Antonius Schneider

      Affiliations

    • Department of Primary Care and Health Care Research, University Medical Center, Heidelberg, Germany
    • ,
  • Elmar Brähler

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Germany

Received 28 February 2009 ,Revised 15 June 2009 ,Accepted 16 June 2009.

To access this article, please choose from the options below

Login to an existing account or Register a new account.

  • Purchase this article for 31.50 USD (You must login/register to purchase this article)

    Online access for 24 hours. The PDF version can be downloaded as your permanent record.

  • Subscribe to this title

    Get unlimited online access to this article and all other articles in this title 24/7 for one year.

  • Claim access now

    For current subscribers with Society Membership or Account Number.

  • Visit SciVerse ScienceDirect to see if you have access via your institution.

PII: S0165-0327(09)00278-X

doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2009.06.019

Journal of Affective Disorders
Volume 122, Issue 1 , Pages 86-95 , April 2010

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution