Journal of Affective Disorders
Volume 117, Issue 3 , Pages 131-136 , October 2009

The modified SCID Hypomania Module (SCID-Hba): A detailed systematic phenomenologic probing

  • Franco Benazzi

      Affiliations

    • Hecker Psychiatry Research Center, Forli, Italy
    • Collaborative site, University of California at San Diego International Mood Center, La Jolla, USA
    • Department of Psychiatry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
    • Department of Psychiatry, National Health Service, Forli, Italy
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Via Pozzetto 17, 48015 Castiglione Cervia RA, Italy. Tel.: +39 335 6191 852; fax: +39 054 330 069.
  • ,
  • Hagop S. Akiskal

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, USA
    • Division of International Health and Cross-Cultural Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, USA

Received 2 June 2009 ,Accepted 2 June 2009.

References 

  1. Aalto-Setala T, Haarasilta L, Marttunen M, Tuulio-Henrikson A, Poikolainen K, Aro H, et al. Major depressive episode among young adults: CIDI-SF versus SCAN consensus diagnoses. Psychological Medicine. 2002;32:1309–1314
  2. Akiskal HS. The emergence of the bipolar spectrum: validation along clinical epidemiologic and familial–genetic lines. Psychopharmacology Bulletin. 2007;40:99–115
  3. Akiskal HS, Benazzi F. Optimizing the detection of bipolar II disorder in outpatient private practice: toward a systematization of clinical diagnostic wisdom. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2005;66:914–921
  4. Akiskal HS, Djenderedjian AM, Rosenthal RH, Khani MK. Cyclothymic disorder: validating criteria for inclusion in the bipolar affective group. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1977;134:1227–1233
  5. Akiskal HS, Azorin JM, Hantouche EG. Proposed multidimensional structure of mania: beyond the euphoric–dysphoric dichotomy. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2003;73:7–18
  6. American Psychiatric Association . Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. In: text revision (DSM-IV-TR). 4th ed.. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2000;
  7. Angst J. The bipolar spectrum. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2007;190:189–191
  8. Angst J. Bipolar disorder–methodological problems and future perspectives. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience. 2008;10:129–139
  9. Angst J, Gamma A, Benazzi F, Ajdacic V, Eich D, Rossler W. Toward a re-definition of subthreshold bipolarity: epidemiology and proposed criteria for bipolar-II, minor bipolar disorders and hypomania. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2003;73:133–146
  10. Angst J, Adolfsson R, Benazzi F, Gamma A, Hantouche E, Meyer TD, et al. The HCL-32: towards a self-assessment tool for hypomanic symptoms in outpatients. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2005;88:217–233
  11. Bauer MS, Crits-Christoph P, Ball WA, Dewees E, McAllister T, Alahi P, et al. Independent assessment of manic and depressive symptoms by self-rating. Scale characteristics and implications for the study of mania. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1991;48:807–812
  12. Bauer M, Grof P, Rasgon NL, Marsh W, Munoz RA, Sagduyu K, et al. Self-reported data from patients with bipolar disorder: impact on minimum episode length for hypomania. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2006;96(1–2):101–105Nov
  13. Benazzi F. Is 4 days the minimum duration of hypomania in bipolar II disorder?. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. 2001;251:32–34
  14. Benazzi F. Diagnosis of bipolar II disorder: a comparison of structured versus semistructured interviews. Progress in Neuropsychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry. 2003;27:985–991
  15. Benazzi F. Factor structure of recalled DSM-IV hypomanic symptoms of bipolar II disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry. 2004;45:441–446
  16. Benazzi F. Bipolar disorder—focus on bipolar II disorder and mixed depression. Lancet. 2007;369:935–945
  17. Benazzi F. Is there a continuity between bipolar and depressive disorders?. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2007;76:70–76
  18. Benazzi F. Is overactivity the core feature of hypomania in bipolar II disorder?. Psychopathology. 2007;40:54–60
  19. Benazzi F. Testing new diagnostic criteria for hypomania. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry. 2007;19:99–104
  20. Benazzi F, Akiskal HS. Refining the evaluation of bipolar II: beyond the strict SCID-CV guidelines for hypomania. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2003;73:33–38
  21. Benazzi F, Akiskal H. The duration of hypomania in bipolar-II disorder in private practice: methodology and validation. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2006;96:189–196
  22. Brugha TS, Bebbington PE, Jenkins R, Meltzer H, Taub NA, Janas M, et al. Cross validation of a general population survey diagnostic interview: a comparison of CIS-R with SCAN ICD-10 diagnostic categories. Psychological Medecine. 1999;29:1029–1042
  23. Brugha TS, Jenkins R, Taub N, Meltzer H, Bebbington PE. A general population comparison of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) and the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN). Psychological Medicine. 2001;31:1001–1013
  24. Cassano GB, Mula M, Rucci P, Miniati M, Frank E, Kupfer DJ, et al. The structure of lifetime manic–hypomanic spectrum. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2009;112:59–70
  25. Cassidy F, Forest K, Murry E, Carroll BJ. A factor analysis of the signs and symptoms of mania. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1998;55:27–32
  26. Composite International Diagnostic Interview, (Cidi), 2005. Http://www.hcp.med.harvard.edu/wmhcidi/about.php.
  27. Coryell W, Endicott J, Maser JD, Keller MB, Leon AC, Akiskal HS. Long-term stability of polarity distinctions in the affective disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1995;152:385–390
  28. Dilsaver SC, Chen YR, Shoaib AM, Swann AC. Phenomenology of mania: evidence for distinct depressed, dysphoric, and euphoric presentations. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1999;156:426–430
  29. Dunner DL. Clinical consequences of under-recognized bipolar spectrum disorder. Bipolar Disorders. 2003;5:456–464
  30. Dunner DL, Tay LK. Diagnostic reliability of the history of hypomania in bipolar II patients and patients with major depression. Comprehensive Psychiatry. 1993;34:303–307
  31. Eaton WW, Neufeld K, Chen LS, Cai G. A comparison of self-report and clinical diagnostic interviews for depression: diagnostic interview schedule and schedules for clinical assessment in neuropsychiatry in the Baltimore epidemiologic catchment area follow-up. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2000;57:217–222
  32. Erdman HP, Klein MH, Greist JH, Bass SM, Bires JK, Machtinger PE. A comparison of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule and clinical diagnosis. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1987;144:1477–1480
  33. Falret JP. Lecons à l'Hospice de la Salpetrière. Gazette Hopitaux. 1851;259:23–24
  34. First MB, Spitzer RL, Gibbon M, Williams JBW. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders—Clinician Version (SCID-CV). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1997;
  35. Gamma A, Angst J, Ajdacic-Gross V, Rossler W. Are hypomanics the happy normals. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2008;111:235–243
  36. Goodwin FK, Jamison KR. Manic-depressive Illness, Second Edition. New York: Oxford University Press; 2007;
  37. Hantouche EG, Angst J, Akiskal HS. Factor structure of hypomania: interrelationships with cyclothymia and the soft bipolar spectrum. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2003;73:39–47
  38. Helzer JE, Robins LN, McEvoy LT, Spitznagel EL, Stoltzman RK, Farmer A, et al. A comparison of clinical and diagnostic interview schedule diagnoses. Physician reexamination of lay-interviewed cases in the general population. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1985;42:657–666
  39. Hirschfeld RM, Calabrese JR, Weissman MM, Reed M, Davies MA, Frye MA, et al. Screening for bipolar disorder in the community. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2003;64:53–59
  40. Hostetter AM, Egeland JA, Endicott J. Amish Study, II: consensus diagnoses and reliability results. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1983;140:62–66
  41. Judd, L.L., Akiskal, H.S., Schettler, P.J., Coryell, W., Endicott, J., Maser, J.D., Solomon, D.A., Leon, A.C., Keller, M.B., 2003. A prospective investigation of the natural history of the long-term weekly symptomatic status of bipolar II disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry 261–269.
  42. Keller MB, Lavori PW, McDonald-Scott P, Scheftner WA, Andreasen NC, Shapiro RW, et al. Reliability of lifetime diagnoses and symptoms in patients with a current psychiatric disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Research. 1981;16:229–240
  43. Kessler RC, Akiskal HS, Angst J, Guyer M, Hirschfeld RM, Merikangas KR, et al. Validity of the assessment of bipolar spectrum disorders in the WHO CIDI 3.0. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2006;96:259–269
  44. Kessler RC. The global burden of anxiety and mood disorders: putting the European study of the epidemiology of mental disorders (ESEMeD) findings into perspective. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2007;68(suppl 2):10–19
  45. Koukopoulos A. Ewald Hecker's description of cyclothymia as a cyclical mood disorder: its relevance to the modern concept of bipolar II. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2003;73:199–205
  46. Kraepelin E. Manic-depressive Insanity and Paranoia. Edinburgh: Livingstone E & S; 1913/1921;
  47. Perugi G, Toni C, Travierso MC, Akiskal HS. The role of cyclothymia in atypical depression: toward a data-based reconceptualization of the borderline-bipolar II connection. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2003;73:87–98
  48. Peselow ED, Sanfilipo MP, Fieve RR. Relationship between hypomania and personality disorders before and after successful treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1995;152:232–238
  49. Regeer EJ, Rosso ML, ten Have M, Vollebergh W, Nolen WA. Prevalence of bipolar disorder: a further study in The Netherlands. Bipolar Disorders. 2002;4(Suppl 1):37–38
  50. Rice JP, McDonald-Scott P, Endicott J, Coryell W, Grove WM, Keller MB, et al. The stability of diagnosis with an application to bipolar II disorder. Psychiatry Research. 1986;19:285–296
  51. Rihmer Z. Suicide risk in mood disorders. Current Opinion in Psychiatry. 2007;20(1):17–22Jan
  52. Robins E, Guze SB. Establishment of diagnostic validity in psychiatric illness: its application to schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1970;126:983–987
  53. Swann AC, Janicak PL, Calabrese JR, Bowden CL, Dilsaver SC, Morris DD, et al. Structure of mania: depressive, irritable, and psychotic clusters with different retrospectively-assessed course patterns of illness in randomized clinical trial participants. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2001;67:123–132
  54. Simpson SG, McMahon FJ, McInnis MG, MacKinnon DF, Edwin D, Folstein SE, et al. Diagnostic reliability of bipolar II diagnosis. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2002;59:736–740
  55. Vieta E, Suppes T. Bipolar II disorder: arguments for and against a distinct diagnostic entity. Bipolar Disorders. 2008;10(1 Pt 2):163–178
  56. Wicki W, Angst J. The Zurich Study. X. Hypomania in a 28- to 30-year-old cohort. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. 1991;240:339–348
  57. World Health Organization . The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1992;

PII: S0165-0327(09)00250-X

doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2009.06.001

Journal of Affective Disorders
Volume 117, Issue 3 , Pages 131-136 , October 2009