Journal of Affective Disorders
Volume 102, Issue 1 , Pages 55-63 , September 2007

Testing the tripartite model in young adolescents: Is hyperarousal specific for anxiety and not depression?

  • Kirstin Greaves-Lord

      Affiliations

    • Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam/Sophia Children's Hospital, Dr. Molewaterplein 60, 3015 GJ, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • Robert F. Ferdinand

      Affiliations

    • Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam/Sophia Children's Hospital, Dr. Molewaterplein 60, 3015 GJ, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
    • Department of Psychiatry and Graduate School of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Groningen, P.O.Box 196, 9700 AD, Groningen, The Netherlands
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam/ Sophia Children's Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Dr. Molewaterplein 60, 3015 GJ Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Tel.: +31 10 4636671; fax: +31 10 4636803.
    • ,
  • Frouke E.P.L. Sondeijker

      Affiliations

    • Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam/Sophia Children's Hospital, Dr. Molewaterplein 60, 3015 GJ, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • Andrea Dietrich

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry and Graduate School of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Groningen, P.O.Box 196, 9700 AD, Groningen, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • Albertine J. Oldehinkel

      Affiliations

    • Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam/Sophia Children's Hospital, Dr. Molewaterplein 60, 3015 GJ, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
    • Department of Psychiatry and Graduate School of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Groningen, P.O.Box 196, 9700 AD, Groningen, The Netherlands
    • Graduate School for Experimental Psychopathology, P.O. Box 30 001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • Judith G.M. Rosmalen

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry and Graduate School of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Groningen, P.O.Box 196, 9700 AD, Groningen, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • Johan Ormel

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry and Graduate School of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Groningen, P.O.Box 196, 9700 AD, Groningen, The Netherlands
    • Graduate School for Experimental Psychopathology, P.O. Box 30 001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • Frank C. Verhulst

      Affiliations

    • Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam/Sophia Children's Hospital, Dr. Molewaterplein 60, 3015 GJ, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Received 22 May 2006 ,Revised 7 December 2006 ,Accepted 8 December 2006.

References 

  1. Achenbach TM, Dumenci L. Advances in empirically based assessment: Revised cross-informant syndromes and new DSM-oriented scales for the CBCL, YSR, and TRF: Comment on Lengua, Sadowksi, Friedrich, and Fisher (2001). J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 2001;69:699–702
  2. Achenbach TM, Dumenci L, Rescorla LA. DSM-oriented and empirically based approaches to constructing scales from the same item pools. J. Clin. Child Adolesc. Psychol. 2003;32:328–340
  3. Angold A, Costello EJ, Erkanli A. Comorbidity. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry. 1999;40:57–87
  4. APA . Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4 edn. 2006;Washington D.C.
  5. Axelson DA, Birmaher B. Relation between anxiety and depressive disorders in childhood and adolescence. Depress. Anxiety. 2001;14:67–78
  6. Berntson GG, Cacioppo JT, Binkley PF, Uchino BN, Quigley KS, Fieldstone A. Autonomic cardiac control .3. Psychological stress and cardiac response in autonomic space as revealed by pharmacological blockades. Psychophysiology. 1994;31:599–608
  7. Boomsma DI, van Beijsterveldt CEM, Hudziak JJ. Genetic and environmental influences on anxious/depression during childhood: a study from the Netherlands Twin Register. Genes Brain Behav. 2005;4:466–481
  8. Chorpita BF. The tripartite model and dimensions of anxiety and depression: an examination of structure in a large school sample. J. Abnorm. Child Psychol. 2002;30:177–190
  9. Chorpita BF, Yim L, Moffitt C, Umemoto LA, Francis SE. Assessment of symptoms of DSM-IV anxiety and depression in children: a revised child anxiety and depression scale. Behav. Res. Ther. 2000;38:835–855
  10. Chorpita BF, Moffitt CE, Gray J. Psychometric properties of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale in a clinical sample. Behav. Res. Ther. 2005;43:309–322
  11. Clark LA, Watson D. Tripartite model of anxiety and depression — psychometric evidence and taxonomic implications. J. Abnorm. Psychology. 1991;100:316–336
  12. Cohen J. Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. 2nd edn. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.; 1988;
  13. Comer JS, Kendall PC. A symptom-level examination of parent–child agreement in the diagnosis of anxious youths. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psych. 2004;43:878–886
  14. De Groot A, Koot HM, Verhulst FC. Cross-cultural generalizability of the Child Behavior Checklist cross-informant syndromes. Psychol. Assess. 1994;6:225–230
  15. de Winter A, Oldehinkel AJ, Veenstra R, Brunnekreef JA, Verhulst FC, Ormel J. Evaluation of non-response bias in mental health determinants and outcomes in a large sample of pre-adolescents. Eur. J. Epidemiol. 2005;20:173–181
  16. Dietrich, A., Riese, H., Sondeijker, F.E.P.L., Greaves-Lord, K., van Roon, A.M., Ormel, J., Neeleman, J., Rosmalen, J.G.M., 2007. Internalizing and externalizing problems and autonomic function. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psych. 46:3.
  17. Dietrich A, Riese H, van Roon AM, van Engelen K, Neeleman J, Rosmalen JGM. Spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity in (pre)adolescents. J. Hypertens. 2006;24(2):345–352
  18. Essau CA, Conradt J, Petermann F. Frequency, comorbidity, and psychosocial impairment of anxiety disorders in German adolescents. J. Anxiety Disord. 2000;14:263–279
  19. Ferdinand, R.F., in press. Validity of the CBCL/YSR DSM-IV scales anxiety problems and affective problems. J. Anxiety Disord.
  20. Ferdinand RF, Verhulst FC. Psychopathology from adolescence into young adulthood — an 8-year follow-up-study. Am. J. Psychiatry. 1995;152:1586–1594
  21. Ferdinand RF, Stijnen T, Verhulst FC, van der Reijden M. Associations between behavioural and emotional problems in adolescence and maladjustment in young adulthood. J. Adolesc. 1999;22:123–136
  22. Gerra G, Zaimovic A, Zambelli U, Timpano M, Reali N, Bernasconi S, et al. Neuroendocrine responses to psychological stress in adolescents with anxiety disorder. Neuropsychobiology. 2000;42:82–92
  23. Goodwin RD. Anxiety disorders and the onset of depression among adults in the community. Psychol. Med. 2002;32:1121–1124
  24. Joiner TE, Catanzaro SJ, Laurent J. Tripartite structure of positive and negative affect, depression, and anxiety in child and adolescent psychiatric inpatients. J. Abnorm. Psychology. 1996;105:401–409
  25. Joiner TE, Steer RA, Beck AT, Schmidt NB, Rudd MD, Catanzaro SJ. Physiological hyperarousal: construct validity of a central aspect of the tripartite model of depression and anxiety. J. Abnorm. Psychology. 1999;108:290–298
  26. Kagan J, Reznick JS, Snidman N. Biological bases of childhood shyness. Science. 1988;240:167–171
  27. Kessler RC, Stang P, Wittchen HU, Stein M, Walters EE. Lifetime co-morbidities between social phobia and mood disorders in the US National Comorbidity Survey. Psychol. Med. 1999;29:555–567
  28. Lahey BB, Applegate B, Waldman ID, Loft JD, Hankin BL, Rick J. The structure of child and adolescent psychopathology: generating new hypotheses. J. Abnorm. Psychology. 2004;113:358–385
  29. Laurent J, Ettelson R. An examination of the tripartite model of anxiety and depression and its application to youth. Clin. Child Fam. Psychol. Rev. 2001;4:209–230
  30. Laurent J, Catanzaro SJ, Joiner TE, Rudolph KD, Potter KI, Lambert S, et al. A measure of positive and negative affect for children: scale development and preliminary validation. Psychol. Assess. 1999;11:326–338
  31. Laurent J, Catanzaro SJ, Joiner TE. Development and preliminary validation of the Physiological Hyperarousal Scale for Children. Psychol. Assess. 2004;16:373–380
  32. Mezzacappa E, Tremblay RE, Kindlon D, Saul JP, Arseneault L, Seguin J, et al. Anxiety, antisocial behavior, and heart rate regulation in adolescent males. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry. 1997;38:457–469
  33. Pollack MH, Otto MW, Sabatino S, Majcher D, Worthington JJ, McArdle ET, et al. Relationship of childhood anxiety to adult panic disorder: Correlates and influence on course. Am. J. Psychiatry. 1996;153:376–381
  34. Porges SW. The polyvagal theory: phylogenetic substrates of a social nervous system. Int. J. Psychophysiol. 2001;42:123–146
  35. Ramaekers D, Ector H, Demyttenaere K, Rubens A, Van de Werf F. Association between cardiac autonomic function and coping style in healthy subjects. Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol. 1998;21:1546–1552
  36. Rice F, Harold GT, Thapar A. Assessing the effects of age, sex and shared environment on the genetic aetiology of depression in childhood and adolescence. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry. 2002;43:1039–1051
  37. Ritz T, Dahme B. Implementation and interpretation of respiratory sinus arrhythmia measures in psychosomatic medicine: practice against better evidence?. Psychosom. Med. 2006;68:617–627
  38. Robbe HWJ, Mulder LJM, Ruddel H, Langewitz WA, Veldman JBP, Mulder G. Assessment of baroreceptor reflex sensitivity by means of spectral-analysis. Hypertension. 1987;10:538–543
  39. Stein MB, Fuetsch M, Muller N, Hofler M, Lieb R, Wittchen HU. Social anxiety disorder and the risk of depression — a prospective community study of adolescents and young adults. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 2001;58:251–256
  40. Thayer JF, Lane RD. A model of neurovisceral integration in emotion regulation and dysregulation. J. Affect. Disord. 2000;61:201–216
  41. Treffers PhDA. Angststoornissen. In:  Verhulst FC,  Verhey F editor. Adolescentenpsychiatrie. Assen: Van Gorcum; 2000;p. 45–67
  42. Treffers PhDA, Öst LG. Onset, course, and outcome for anxiety disorders in children. In:  Silverman WK,  Treffers PhDA editor. Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents: research, assessment, and intervention. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press; 2001;p. 293–312
  43. Verhulst FC, van der Ende J, Ferdinand RF, Kasius MC. The prevalence of DSM-III-R diagnoses in a national sample of Dutch adolescents. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 1997;54:329–336

PII: S0165-0327(06)00541-6

doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2006.12.009

Journal of Affective Disorders
Volume 102, Issue 1 , Pages 55-63 , September 2007

Article Tools