Journal of Affective Disorders
Volume 102, Issue 1 , Pages 27-34 , September 2007

Problem gambling in bipolar disorder: Results from the Canadian Community Health Survey

  • Roger S. McIntyre

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
    • Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
    • Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Department of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Head, Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst Street — Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 2S8. Tel.: +1 416 603 5279; fax: +1 416 603 5368.
    • ,
  • Susan L. McElroy

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
    • ,
  • Jakub Z. Konarski

      Affiliations

    • Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
    • Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
    • ,
  • Joanna K. Soczynska

      Affiliations

    • Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
    • Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
    • ,
  • Kathryn Wilkins

      Affiliations

    • Health Statistics Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
    • ,
  • Sidney H. Kennedy

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
    • Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
    • Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

Received 5 July 2006 ,Revised 22 September 2006 ,Accepted 5 December 2006.

References 

  1. Akiskal HS. Searching for behavioral indicators of bipolar II in patients presenting with major depressive episodes: the “red sign”, the “rule of three” and other biographic signs of temperamental extravagance, activation and hypomania. J. Affect. Disord. 2005;84(2–3):279–290
  2. American Psychiatric Association . Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: Fourth Edition Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR). Washington: American Psychiatric Association; 2000;
  3. Black DW, Moyer T. Clinical features and psychiatric comorbidity of subjects with pathological gambling behavior. Psychiatr. Serv. 1998;49(11):1434–1439
  4. Cassidy F, Ahearn EP, Carroll BJ. Substance abuse in bipolar disorder. Bipolar. Disord. 2001;3(4):181–188
  5. Chen YW, Dilsaver SC. Comorbidity for obsessive–compulsive disorder in bipolar and unipolar disorders. Psychiatry Res. 1995;59(1–2):57–64
  6. Cox BJ, Yu N, Afifi TO, Ladouceur R. A national survey of gambling problems in Canada. Can. J. Psychiatry. 2005;50(4):213–217
  7. Crockford DN, el Guebaly N. Psychiatric comorbidity in pathological gambling: a critical review. Can. J. Psychiatry. 1998;43(1):43–50
  8. Cunningham-Williams RM, Cottler LB, Compton WM, Spitznagel EL. Taking chances: problem gamblers and mental health disorders—results from the St. Louis Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study. Am J Public Health. 1998;88(7):1093–1096(Jul), (Erratum in: Am. J. Public Health 1998 Sep;88(9):1407)
  9. Dannon PN, Lowengrub K, Sasson M, Shalgi B, Tuson L, Saphir Y, et al. Comorbid psychiatric diagnoses in kleptomania and pathological gambling: a preliminary comparison study. Eur. Psychiatr. 2004;19(5):299–302
  10. Ferris J, Wynne H. The Canadian Problem Gambling Index: Final Report. Ottawa (ON): Canadian Center on Substance Abuse; 2001;
  11. Hodgins DC, Peden N, Cassidy E. The association between comorbidity and outcome in pathological gambling: a prospective follow-up of recent quitters. J. Gambl. Stud. 2005;21(3):255–271
  12. Hollander E, Pallanti S, Allen A, Sood E, Baldini RN. Does sustained-release lithium reduce impulsive gambling and affective instability versus placebo in pathological gamblers with bipolar spectrum disorders?. Am. J. Psychiatry. 2005;162(1):137–145
  13. Judd LL, Akiskal HS. The prevalence and disability of bipolar spectrum disorders in the US population: re-analysis of the ECA database taking into account subthreshold cases. J Affect. Disord. 2003;73(1–2):123–131
  14. Kalivas PW, Volkow ND. The neural basis of addiction: a pathology of motivation and choice. Am. J. Psychiatry. 2005;162(8):1403–1413
  15. Kausch O. Pathological gambling among elderly veterans. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry Neurol. 2004;17(1):13–19
  16. Kessler R. Comorbidity of unipolar and bipolar depression with other psychiatric disorders in a general population survey. In:  Tohen M editors. Comorbidity in Affective Disorders. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc.; 1999;p. 1–25
  17. Kessler RC, Rubinow DR, Holmes C, Abelson JM, Zhao S. The epidemiology of DSM-III-R bipolar I disorder in a general population survey. Psychol. Med. 1997;27(5):1079–1089
  18. Lejoyeux M, Arbaretaz M, McLoughlin M, Ades J. Impulse control disorders and depression. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 2002;190(5):310–314
  19. Linden RD, Pope HG, Jonas JM. Pathological gambling and major affective disorder: preliminary findings. J. Clin. Psychiatry. 1986;47(4):201–203
  20. MacQueen GM, Young LT. Bipolar II disorder: symptoms, course, and response to treatment. Psychiatr. Serv. 2001;52(3):358–361
  21. McCormick RA, Russo AM, Ramirez LF, Taber JI. Affective disorders among pathological gamblers seeking treatment. Am. J. Psychiatry. 1984;141(2):215–218
  22. McElroy S, Keck P. In: Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders. 4th Edition. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press Inc.; 2006;
  23. McElroy SL, Hudson JI, Pope H, Keck PE, Aizley HG. The DSM-III-R impulse control disorders not elsewhere classified: clinical characteristics and relationship to other psychiatric disorders. Am. J. Psychiatry. 1992;149(3):318–327
  24. McElroy SL, Pope HG, Keck PE, Hudson JI, Phillips KA, Strakowski SM. Are impulse-control disorders related to bipolar disorder?. Compr. Psychiatry. 1996;37(4):229–240
  25. McElroy SL, Altshuler LL, Suppes T, Keck PE, Frye MA, Denicoff KD, et al. Axis I psychiatric comorbidity and its relationship to historical illness variables in 288 patients with bipolar disorder. Am. J Psychiatry. 2001;158(3):420–426
  26. McElroy SL, Frye MA, Suppes T, Dhavale D, Keck PE, Leverich GS, et al. Correlates of overweight and obesity in 644 patients with bipolar disorder. J. Clin. Psychiatry. 2002;63(3):207–213
  27. McElroy S, Allison D, Bray G. Obesity and Mental Disorders. New York: Taylor and Francis; 2006;
  28. McIntyre RS, Konarski JZ, Yatham LN. Comorbidity in bipolar disorder: a framework for rational treatment selection. Hum. Psychopharmacol. 2004;19(6):369–386
  29. Patterson JC, Holland J, Middleton R. Neuropsychological performance, impulsivity, and comorbid psychiatric illness in patients with pathological gambling undergoing treatment at the CORE Inpatient Treatment Center. South. Med. J. 2006;99(1):36–43
  30. Petry NM, Stinson FS, Grant BF. Comorbidity of DSM-IV pathological gambling and other psychiatric disorders: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. J. Clin. Psychiatry. 2005;66(5):564–574
  31. Potenza MN, Fiellin DA, Heninger GR, Rounsaville BJ, Mazure CM. Gambling: an addictive behavior with health and primary care implications. J. Gen. Intern. Med. 2002;17(9):721–732
  32. Regier DA, Boyd JH, Burke JD, Rae DS, Myers JK, Kramer M, et al. One-month prevalence of mental disorders in the United States. Based on five Epidemiologic Catchment Area sites. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 1988;45(11):977–986
  33. Shaffer HJ, Hall MN. Updating and refining prevalence estimates of disordered gambling behaviour in the United States and Canada. Can. J. Public Health. 2001;92(3):168–172
  34. Slutske WS. Natural recovery and treatment-seeking in pathological gambling: results of two U.S. national surveys. Am. J. Psychiatry. 2006;163(2):297–302
  35. Tavares H, Martins SS, Lobo DS, Silveira CM, Gentil V, Hodgins DC. Factors at play in faster progression for female pathological gamblers: an exploratory analysis. J. Clin. Psychiatry. 2003;64(4):433–438
  36. Volkow N, Li TK. The neuroscience of addiction. Nat. Neurosci. 2005;8(11):1429–1430
  37. Volkow ND, Wise RA. How can drug addiction help us understand obesity?. Nat. Neurosci. 2005;8(5):555–560
  38. Wang GJ, Volkow ND, Thanos PK, Fowler JS. Similarity between obesity and drug addiction as assessed by neurofunctional imaging: a concept review. J. Addict. Dis. 2004;23(3):39–53
  39. Wiebe J, Single E, Falkowski-Ham A. Measuring Gambling and Problem Gambling in Ontario. Ottawa (ON): Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse and Responsible Gambling Council; 2001;Ref Type: Report

PII: S0165-0327(06)00534-9

doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2006.12.005

Journal of Affective Disorders
Volume 102, Issue 1 , Pages 27-34 , September 2007

Article Tools