Journal of Affective Disorders
Volume 90, Issue 1 , Pages 77-81 , January 2006

Anxious-retarded depression: Relation to two-year outcome of major depressive disorder

  • R.F.P. de Winter

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands
    • Parnassia Psycho-Medical Centre, The Hague, The Netherlands
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Parnassia Psycho-Medical Center, Avocadostraat 2 2552 HS The Hague, The Netherlands. Tel.: +31 70 3917 191; fax: +31 70 3917 181.
  • ,
  • F.G. Zitman

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands
    • Rijngeest Groep, Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
  • ,
  • J.C. van Houwelingen

      Affiliations

    • Department Medical Statistics, Leiden University, The Netherlands
  • ,
  • R. Wolterbeek

      Affiliations

    • Department Medical Statistics, Leiden University, The Netherlands
  • ,
  • J.G. Goekoop

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands
    • Rijngeest Groep, Oegstgeest, The Netherlands

Received 14 January 2005 ,Revised 7 October 2005 ,Accepted 8 October 2005.

References 

  1. Andreasen NC, Rice J, Endicott J, Reich T, Coryell W. The family history approach to diagnosis. How useful is it?. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 1986;43:421–429
  2. Åsberg M, Montgomery SA, Perris C, Shalling D, Sedvall GA. A comprehensive psychopathological rating scale. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 1978;271(suppl.):15–27
  3. Bakish D. The patient with comorbid depression and anxiety: the unmet need. J. Clin. Psychiatry. 1999;60:20–24
  4. Clayton PJ, Grove WM, Coryell W, Keller M, Hirschfeld R, Fawcett J. Follow-up and family study of anxious depression. Am. J. Psychiatry. 1991;148:1512–1517
  5. Coryell W, Endicott J, Winokur G. Anxiety syndromes as epiphenomena of primary major depression: outcome and familial psychopathology. Am. J. Psychiatry. 1992;149:100–107
  6. de Winter RFP, Hemert van AM, DeRijk RH, Zwinderman KH, Frankhuijzen-Sierevogel AC, Wiegant VM, et al. Anxious-retarded depression. Relations to plasma vasopressin and cortisol. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2003;28:140–147
  7. de Winter RFP, Zwinderman KH, Goekoop JG. Anxious-retarded depression: relation to family history. Psychiatry Res. 2004;127:111–119
  8. Duggan C, Sham P, Minne C, Lee A, Murray R. Family history as a predictor of poor long term outcome in depression. Br. J. Psychiatry. 1998;173:527–530
  9. Eysenck HJ, Eysenck SBG. Manuel of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. Londen: Hodder and Stoughton Educational; 1975;
  10. Frank E, Prien RF, Jarrett RB, Keller MB, Kupfer DJ, Lavori PW, et al. Conceptualization and rationale for consensus definitions of terms in major depressive disorder. Remission, recovery, relapse, and recurrence. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 1991;48:851–855
  11. Goekoop JG, Hoeksema T, Knoppert van der Klein EAM, Klinkhamer RA, van Gaalen HAE, Van London L, et al. Multidimensional ordering of psychopathology: a factor-analytical study using the comprehensive. Psychopathological rating scale. Acta. Psychiatr. Scand. 1992;86:306–312
  12. Keitner GI, Ryan CE, Miller IW, Kohn R, Epstein NB. 12-month outcome of patients with major depression and comorbid psychiatric or medical illness (compound depression). Am. J. Psychiatry. 1991;148:345–350
  13. Keller MB, Lavori PW, Mueller TJ, Endicot J, Coryell W, Hirschfeld RM, et al. Time to recovery, chronicity and levels of psychopathology in major depression: a 5-year prospective follow-up of 431 subjects. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 1992;49:809–816
  14. Kendler KS, Walters EE, Kessler RC. The prediction of length of major depressive episodes: results from an epidemiological sample of female twins. Psychol. Med. 1997;27:107–117
  15. Montgomery S, Åsberg M. A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change. Br. J. Psychiatry. 1979;134:382–389
  16. O'Leary D. The endogenous subcategory and naturalistic course in depression. J. Affect. Disord. 1996;41:117–123
  17. Parker G, Hadzi-Pavlovic D, Brodaty H, Boyce P, Mitchell P, Wilhelm K, et al. Predicting the course of melancholic and non-melancholic depression. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 1992;180:693–702
  18. Robins E, Guze SB. Establishment of diagnostic validity in psychiatric illness: its application to schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry. 1970;151:489–498
  19. Ronalds C, Creed F, Stone K, Webb S, Tomenson B. Outcome of anxiety and depressive disorders in primary care. Br. J. Psychiatry. 1997;171:427–433
  20. Sargeant JK, Bruce ML, Florio MM, Weissman LP. Factors associated with 1-year outcome of major depression in the community. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 1990;47:519–526
  21. Scott J, Eccleston D, Boys R. Can we predict the persistence of depression?. Br. J. Psychiatry. 1992;161:633–637
  22. Tuma TA. Outcome of hospital-treated depression at 4.5 years: an elderly and a younger adult cohort compared. Br. J. Psychiatry. 2000;176:224–228
  23. van Londen L, Molenaar RPG, Goekoop JG, Zwinderman AH, Rooijmans HGM. Three to five-year prospective follow-up outcome in major depression. Psychol. Med. 1998;28:731–735

PII: S0165-0327(05)00293-4

doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2005.10.003

Journal of Affective Disorders
Volume 90, Issue 1 , Pages 77-81 , January 2006