Journal of Affective Disorders
Volume 88, Issue 1 , Pages 79-86 , September 2005

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurement of hippocampal volume in posttraumatic stress disorder: A meta-analysis

  • Noriyuki Kitayama

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
    • Department of Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
    • Emory Center for Positron Emission Tomography, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
    • Atlanta VAMC, Decatur, GA, United States
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Emory University, 1256 Briarcliff Rd. NE #305-W, Atlanta, GA 30306, United States. Tel.: +1 404 712 8545; fax: +1 404 712 8442.
    • ,
  • Viola Vaccarino

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
    • Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Atlanta, GA, United States
    • ,
  • Michael Kutner

      Affiliations

    • Department of Biostatistics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
    • ,
  • Paul Weiss

      Affiliations

    • Department of Biostatistics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
    • ,
  • J. Douglas Bremner

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
    • Department of Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
    • Emory Center for Positron Emission Tomography, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
    • Atlanta VAMC, Decatur, GA, United States

Received 11 February 2005 ,Accepted 11 May 2005.

References 

  1. Armanini MP, Hutchins C, Stein BA, Sapolsky RM. Glucocorticoid endangerment of hippocampal neurons in NMDA-receptor dependent. Brain Res. 1990;532:7–11
  2. Bonne O, Brandes D, Gilboa A, Gomori JM, Shenton ME, Pitman RK, et al. Longitudinal MRI study of hippocampal volume in trauma survivors with PTSD. Am. J. Psychiatry. 2001;158:1248–1251
  3. Bremner JD, Randall PR, Scott TM, Bronen RA, Delaney RC, Seibyl JP, et al. MRI-based measurement of hippocampal volume in posttraumatic stress disorder. Am. J. Psychiatry. 1995;152:973–981
  4. Bremner JD, Randall P, Vermetten E, Staib L, Bronen RA, Mazure C, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging-based measurement of hippocampal volume in posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood physical and sexual abuse—a preliminary report. Biol. Psychiatry. 1997;41:23–32
  5. Bremner JD, Vythilingam M, Vermetten E, Southwick SM, McGlashan T, Nazeer A, et al. MRI and PET study of deficits in hippocampal structure and function in women with childhood sexual abuse and posttraumatic stress disorder. Am. J. Psychiatry. 2003;160:924–932
  6. Carrion VG, Weems CF, Eliez S, Patwardhan A, Brown W, Ray RD, et al. Attention of frontal asymmetry in pediatric posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol. Psychiatry. 2001;50:943–951
  7. De Bellis MD, Keshavan MS, Clark DB, Casey BJ, Giedd JN, Boring AM, et al. Developmental traumatology: Part II. Brain development. Biol. Psychiatry. 1999;45:1271–1284
  8. De Bellis MD, Hall J, Boring AM, Frustaci K, Moritz G. A pilot longitudinal study of hippocampal volumes in pediatric maltreatment-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol. Psychiatry. 2001;50:305–309
  9. Diamond DM, Branch BJ, Fleshner M, Rose GM. Effects of dehydroepiandosterone and stress on hippocampal electrophysiological plasticity. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1995;774:304–307
  10. Diamond DM, Fleshner M, Ingersoll N, Rose GM. Psychological stress impairs spatial working memory: relevance to electrophysiological studies of hippocampal function. Behav. Neurosci. 1996;110:661–672
  11. Gilbertson MW, Shenton ME, Ciszewski A, Kasai K, Lasko NB, Orr SP, et al. Smaller hippocampal volume predicts pathologic vulnerability to psychological trauma. Nat. Neurosci. 2002;5:1242–1247
  12. Goldberg J, True WR, Eisen SA, Henderson WG. A twin study of the effects of the Vietnam war on posttraumatic stress disorder. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 1990;263:1227–1232
  13. Gould E, Tanapet P, McEwen BS, Flugge G, Fuchs E. Proliferation of granule cell precursors in the dentate gyrus of adult monkeys is diminished by stress. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1998;95:3168–3171
  14. Gurvits TV, Shenton ME, Hokama H, Ohta H, Lasko NB, Gilbertson MW, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging study of hippocampal volume in chronic, combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol. Psychiatry. 1996;40:1091–1099
  15. Hedges LV. Fixed effects models. In:  Cooper H,  Hedges LV editor. The Handbook of Research Synthesis. New York: Russell Sage Foundation; 1994;
  16. Hedges LV, Olkin I. Statistical Methods for Meta-Analysis. New York: Academic Press; 1985;
  17. Hunter JE, Schmidt FL. Methods of Meta-Analysis: Correcting Error and Bias in Research Findings. London: Sage Publication; 1990;
  18. Jernigan TL, Butters N, DiTraglia G, Schafer K, Smith T, Irwin M, et al. Reduced cerebral gray matter observed in alcoholics using magnetic resonance imaging. Alcohol., Clin. Exp. Res. 1991;15:418–427
  19. Kessler RC, Sonnega A, Bromet E, Hughes M, Nelson CB. Post-traumatic stress disorder in the national comorbidity survey. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 1995;52:1048–1060
  20. Lawrence MS, Sapolsky RM. Glucocorticoids accelerate ATP loss following metabolic insults in cultured hippocampal neurons. Brain Res. 1994;646:303–306
  21. Magarinos AM, McEwen BS. Stress-induced atrophy of apical dendrites of hippocampal CA3c neurons—involvement of glucocorticoid secretion and excitatory amino acid receptors. Neuroscience. 1995;69:89–98
  22. Magarinos AM, McEwen BS, Flugge G, Fuchs E. Chronic psychosocial stress causes apical dendritic atrophy of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons in subordinate tree shrews. J. Neurosci. 1996;16:3534–3540
  23. Magarinos AM, Verdugo JM, McEwen BS. Chronic stress alters synaptic terminal structure in hippocampus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1997;94:14002–14008
  24. McEwen BS, Angulo J, Cameron H, Chao HM, Daniels D, Gannon MN, et al. Paradoxical effects of adrenal steroids on the brain: protection versus degeneration. Biol. Psychiatry. 1992;31:177–199
  25. Nibuya M, Morinobu S, Duman RS. Regulation of BDNF and trkB mRNA in rat brain by chronic electroconvulsive seizure and antidepressant drug treatments. J. Neurosci. 1995;15:7539–7547
  26. Notestine CF, Stein MB, Kennedy CM, Archibald SL, Jernigan TL. Brain morphometry in female victims of intimate partner violence with and without posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol. Psychiatry. 2002;51:1089–1101
  27. Packan DR, Sapolsky RM. Glucocorticoid endangerment of the hippocampus: tissue, steroid and receptor specificity. Neuroendocrinology. 1990;51:613–618
  28. Pfefferbaum A, Lim KO, Mathalon DH, Rosenbloom MJ, Lane B, Nim HC, et al. Brain gray and white matter volume loss accelerates with aging in chronic alcoholics: a quantitative MRI study. Alcohol., Clin. Exp. Res. 1992;16:1078–1089
  29. Pfefferbaum A, Sullivan EV, Mathalon DH, Shear PK, Rosenbloom MJ, Lim KO. Longitudinal changes in magnetic resonance imaging brain volumes in abstinent and relapsed alcoholics. Alcohol., Clin. Exp. Res. 1995;19:1177–1191
  30. Sapolsky RM. Glucocorticoid toxicity in the hippocampus: synergy with an excitotoxin. Neuroendocrinology. 1986;43:440–446
  31. Sapolsky RM. Why stress is bad for your brain. Science. 1996;2–3:749–750
  32. Sapolsky RM, Packan DR, Vale WW. Glucocorticoid toxicity in the hippocampus: in vitro demonstration. Brain Res. 1988;453:367–371
  33. Sapolsky RM, Uno H, Rebert CS, Finch CE. Hippocampal damage associated with prolonged glucocorticoid exposure in primates. J. Neurosci. 1990;10:2897–2902
  34. Schuff N, Neylan TC, Lenoci MA, Du AT, Weiss DS, Marmar CR, et al. Decreased hippocampal N-acetylaspartate in the absence of atrophy in posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol. Psychiatry. 2001;50:952–959
  35. Stein MB, Koverola C, Hanna C, Torchia MG, McClarty B. Hippocampal volume in women victimized by childhood sexual abuse. Psychol. Med. 1997;27:951–959
  36. Sullivan EV, Marsh L, Mathalon DH, Lim KO, Pfefferbaum A. Anterior hippocampal volume deficits in nonamnesic, aging chronic alcoholics. Alcohol., Clin. Exp. Res. 1995;19:110–122
  37. Thompson SG, Smith TC, Sharp SJ. Investigating underlying risk as a source of heterogeneity in meta-analysis. Stat. Med. 1997;16:2741–2758
  38. Uno H, Tarara R, Else JG, Suleman MA, Sapolsky RM. Hippocampal damage associated with prolonged and fatal stress in primates. J. Neurosci. 1989;9:1705–1711
  39. Vermetten E, Vythilingam M, Southwick SM, Charney DS, Bremner JD. Long-term treatment with Paroxetine increases verbal declarative memory and hippocampal volume in posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol. Psychiatry. 2003;54:693–702
  40. Villarreal G, Hamilton DA, Petropoulos H, Driscoll I, Rowland LM, Griego JA, et al. Reduced hippocampal volume and total white matter volume in posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol. Psychiatry. 2002;52:119–125
  41. Virgin CE, Taryn PTH, Packan DR, Tombaugh GC, Yang SH, Honer HC, et al. Glucocorticoids inhibit glucose transport and glutamate uptake in hippocampal astrocytes: implications for glucocorticoid neurotoxicity. J. Neurochem. 1991;57:1428–1442
  42. Vythilingam M, Heim C, Newport CD, Miller AH, Vermette NE, Anderson E, et al. Reduced hippocampal volume in adult major depression: the role of childhood trauma. Am. J. Psychiatry. 2002;159:2072–2080
  43. Walker DW, Heaton MB, Lee N, King MA, Hunter BE. Effect of chronic ethanol on the septohippocampal system: a role for neurotrophic factors?. Alcohol., Clin. Exp. Res. 1993;17:12–18
  44. Winfred A, Winston B, Huffcut AI. Conducting Meta-Analysis Using SAS (A Volume in the Multivariate Applications Series). New Jersey: Lawrence Elbaum Assoc.; 2001;
  45. Woolley CS, Gould E, McEwen BS. Exposure to excess glucocorticoids alters dendritic morphology of adult hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Brain Res. 1990;531:225–231
  46. Yamasue H, Kasai K, Iwanami A, Ohtani T, Yamada H, Abe O, et al. Voxel-based analysis of MRI reveals anterior cingulate gray-matter volume reduction in posttraumatic disorder due to terrorism. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2003;100:9039–9043

PII: S0165-0327(05)00151-5

doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2005.05.014

Journal of Affective Disorders
Volume 88, Issue 1 , Pages 79-86 , September 2005

Article Tools