Journal of Affective Disorders
Volume 82, Issue 2 , Pages 291-296 , 15 October 2004

Is the type of remission after a major depressive episode an important risk factor to relapses in a 4-year follow up?

Received 30 May 2003 ,Revised 18 November 2003 ,Accepted 19 November 2003.

References 

  1. American Psychiatric Association . Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 3rd ed.. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1987; revised
  2. American Psychiatric Association . Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed.. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1994;
  3. Cox DR. Regression models and life-tables (with discussion). J. R. Stat. Soc., Ser. B Stat. Methodol. 1972;34:187–200
  4. Cox DR, Oakes D. Analysis of Survival Data. London: Chapman & Hall; 1984;
  5. Fava GA, Fabbri S, Sonino N. Residual symptoms in depression: an emerging therapeutic target. Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry. 2002;26:763–770
  6. Frank E, Prien RF, Jarret RB, Keller MB, Kupfer DJ, Lavori PW, et al. Conceptualization and rationale for consensus definitions of terms in major depressive disorder: remission, recovery, relapse, and recurrence. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 1991;48:851–855
  7. Hamilton M. A rating scale for depression. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 1960;23:56–62
  8. Judd LL, Akiskal HS, Maser JD, Zeller PJ, Endicott J, Coryell W, et al. A prospective 12-year study of subsyndromal and syndromal depressive symptoms in unipolar major depressive disorders. J. Affect. Disord. 1998;50:97–108
  9. Judd LL, Paulus MP, Zeller P. The role of residual subthreshold depressive symptoms in early episode relapse in unipolar major depressive disorder. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry (letter). 1999;56:764–765
  10. Judd LL, Paulus MJ, Schettler PJ, Akiskal HS, Endicott J, Leon AC, et al. Does incomplete recovery from first lifetime major depressive episode herald a chronic course of illness?. Am. J. Psychiatry. 2000;157:1501–1504
  11. Kaplan EL, Meier P. Non-parametric estimations from incomplete observations. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 1958;53:457–481
  12. Keller MB, Lavori PW, Lewis CE, Klerman GL. Predictors of relapse in major depressive disorder. JAMA. 1983;250:3299–3304
  13. Kessing LV, Andersen PK, Mortensen PB. Predictors of recurrence in affective disorder: a case register study. J. Affect. Disord. 1998;49:101–108
  14. Kessing LV, Andersen PK, Mortensen PB, Bolwig TG. Recurrence in affective disorder: I. Case register study. Br. J. Psychiatry. 1998;172:23–28
  15. Mueller TI, Leon AC, Keller MB, Solomon DA, Endicott J, Coryell W, et al. Recurrence after recovery from major depressive disorder during 15 years of observational follow-up. Am. J. Psychiatry. 1999;156:1000–1006
  16. O'Leary D, Costello F, Gormley N, Webb M. Remission onset and relapse in depression. An 18-month prospective study of course for 100 first admission patients. J. Affect. Disord. 2000;57:159–171
  17. Paykel ES, Ramana R, Cooper Z, Hayhurst H, Kerr J, Barocka A. Residual symptoms after partial remission: an important outcome in depression. Psychol. Med. 1995;25:1171–1180
  18. Piccinelli M, Wilkinson G. Outcome of depression in psychiatric settings. Br. J. Psychiatry. 1994;164:297–304
  19. Pintor L, Gastó C, Navarro V, Torres X, Fañanas L. Relapse of major depresión after complete and partial remission during a 2-year follow up. J. Affect. Disord. 2003;73:237–244
  20. Ramana R, Paykel ES, Cooper Z, Hayhurst H, Saxty M, Surtees PG. Remission and relapse in major depression: a two-year prospective follow-up study. Psychol. Med. 1995;25:1161–1170
  21. Solomon DA, Keller MB, Leon AC, Mueller TI, Lavori PW, Shea MT, et al. Multiple recurrences of major depressive disorder. Am. J. Psychiatry. 2000;157:229–233
  22. Spitzer RL, Williams JBW, Gibbon M, First MB. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1990;
  23. Van Londen L, Molenaar RPG, Goekoop JG, Zwinderman AH, Rooijmans HGM. Three-to 5-year prospective follow-up of outcome in major depression. Psychol. Med. 1998;28:731–735
  24. Winokur G, Coryell W, Keller MB, Endicott J, Akiskal H. A prospective follow-up of patients with bipolar and primary unipolar affective disorder. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 1993;50:457–465

PII: S0165-0327(03)00324-0

doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2003.11.008

Journal of Affective Disorders
Volume 82, Issue 2 , Pages 291-296 , 15 October 2004