Journal of Affective Disorders
Volume 85, Issue 1 , Pages 45-52 , March 2005

TEMPS-A: validation of a short version of a self-rated instrument designed to measure variations in temperament

  • Hagop S. Akiskal

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Department of Psychiatry, International Mood Center, University of California, San Diego, VA Psychiatry (116A), 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA. Tel.: +1-858-552-8585x226; fax: +1-858-434-8598.
    • Department of Psychiatry, International Mood Center, University of California, San Diego, VA Psychiatry (116A), 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
    • Psychiatric Service, San Diego Veterans Affairs Health System, San Diego, CA, USA
    • ,
  • Mauro V. Mendlowicz

      Affiliations

    • Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB-UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
    • Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
    • ,
  • Girardin Jean-Louis

      Affiliations

    • Department of Ophthalmology, SUNY, New York, NY, USA
    • Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Downstate Medical Center and Kingsbrook Jewish Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
    • ,
  • Mark H. Rapaport

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
    • University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
    • ,
  • John R. Kelsoe

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, International Mood Center, University of California, San Diego, VA Psychiatry (116A), 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
    • Psychiatric Service, San Diego Veterans Affairs Health System, San Diego, CA, USA
    • ,
  • J.Christian Gillin

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, International Mood Center, University of California, San Diego, VA Psychiatry (116A), 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
    • Psychiatric Service, San Diego Veterans Affairs Health System, San Diego, CA, USA
    • Deceased.
    • ,
  • Tom L. Smith

      Affiliations

    • Psychiatric Service, San Diego Veterans Affairs Health System, San Diego, CA, USA

Received 23 April 2003 ,Accepted 31 October 2003.

References 

  1. Akiskal HS. Anxiety: definition, relationship to depression, and proposal for an integrative model. In:  Tuma AH,  Maser JD editor. Anxiety and the Anxiety Disorders. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erbaulm; 1985;p. 787–797
  2. Akiskal HS. Delineating irritable–choleric and hyperthymic temperaments as variants of cyclothymia. J. Pers. Disord. 1992;6:326–342
  3. Akiskal HS. Toward a temperament-based approach to depression: implications for neurobiologic research. Adv. Biochem. Psychopharmacol. 1995;49:99–112
  4. Akiskal HS. Toward a definition of generalized anxiety disorder as an anxious temperament type. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 1998;98(Suppl. 393):66–73
  5. Akiskal HS. Dysthymia, cyclothymia and related chronic subthreshold mood disorders. In:  Gelder M,  Lopez-Ibor J,  Andreasen N editor. New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry. London: Oxford University; 2000;p. 736–749
  6. Akiskal HS. The Evolutionary Significance of Affective Temperaments. 2003; http://www.medscape.com/viewprogram/2469_pnt June, 24
  7. Akiskal HS, Akiskal K. Cyclothymic, hyperthymic and depressive temperaments as subaffective variants of mood disorders. In:  Tasman A,  Riba MB editor. Annual Review. vol. 11:Washington, DC: American Psychiatric; 1992;p. 43–62
  8. Akiskal HS, Mallya G. Criteria for the “soft” bipolar spectrum: treatment implications. Psychopharmacol. Bull. 1987;23:68–73
  9. Akiskal HS, Djenderedjian AM, Rosenthal RH, Khani MK. Cyclothymic disorder: validating criteria for inclusion in the bipolar affective group. Am. J. Psychiatry. 1977;134:1227–1233
  10. Akiskal HS, Khani MK, Scott-Strauss A. Cyclothymic temperamental disorders. Psychiatr. Clin. North Am. 1979;2:527–554
  11. Akiskal HS, Placidi GF, Signoretta S, Liguori A, Gervasi R, Maremmani I, et al. TEMPS-I: delineating the most discriminant traits of cyclothymic, depressive, irritable and hyperthymic temperaments in a nonpatient population. J. Affect Disord. 1998;51:7–19
  12. Akiskal HS, Akiskal KK, Haykal RF, Manning JS, Connor PD. TEMPS-A: progress towards validation of a self-rated clinical version of the Temperament Evaluation of the Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Autoquestionnaire. J. Affect. Disord. 2005;85:3–16 (this issue)
  13. Andreasen NC, Endicott J, Spitzer RL, Winokur G. The family history method using diagnostic criteria. Reliability and validity. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 1977;34:1229–1235
  14. Cloninger RC, Przybeck TR, Svrakic DM, et al.  The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI): A Guide to Its Development and use. St. Louis, MO: Center for Psychobiology of Personality, Washington University; 1994;
  15. Cronbach LJ. Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of test. Psychometrika. 1951;16:297–334
  16. Hamilton M. A rating scale for depression. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 1960;23:56–61
  17. Hantouche EG, Akiskal HS. Outils dévaluation clinique des temperaments affectifs (Clinical assessment of affective temperaments), Encéphale. 1997;23(sp 1):27–34
  18. Hantouche EG, Akiskal HS. Toward a validation of a tripartite concept of a putative anxious temperament: psychometric data from a French national general medical practice study. J. Affect Disord. 2005;85:37–43 (this issue)
  19. Kelsoe JR. Arguments for the genetic basis of the bipolar spectrum. J. Affect. Disord. 2003;73:183–197
  20. Placidi GF, Signoretta S, Liguori A, Gervasi R, Maremmani I, Akiskal HS. The semi-structured affective temperament interview (TEMPS-I): reliability and psychometric properties in 1010 14–26 year students. J. Affect. Disord. 1998;47:1–10

PII: S0165-0327(03)00321-5

doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2003.10.012

Journal of Affective Disorders
Volume 85, Issue 1 , Pages 45-52 , March 2005

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