Journal of Affective Disorders
Volume 82, Issue 1 , Pages 93-99 , 1 October 2004

A prevalence study of antenatal depression among Chinese women

  • Dominic T.S. Lee

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +1-852-9300-2169; fax: +1-617-812-0077.
    • Department of Psychiatry, G/Fl. Multi-Center, Tai Po Hospital, NT, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
    • Department of Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, USA
    • ,
  • Sandra S.M. Chan

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, G/Fl. Multi-Center, Tai Po Hospital, NT, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
    • ,
  • Daljit S. Sahota

      Affiliations

    • Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
    • ,
  • Alexander S.K. Yip

      Affiliations

    • Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
    • ,
  • Michelle Tsui

      Affiliations

    • Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
    • ,
  • Tony K.H. Chung

      Affiliations

    • Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong

Received 21 August 2003 ,Accepted 1 October 2003.

References 

  1. Areias MG, Kumar R, Barros H, Figueiredo E. Comparative incidence of depression in women and men, during pregnancy and after childbirth validation of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in Portuguese mothers. British Journal of Psychiatry. 1996;169:30–35
  2. Beck AT, Steer RA, Garbin MG. Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory: 25 years of evaluation. Clinical Psychology Review. 1988;8:77–100
  3. Chan DW. The Beck Depression Inventory: what difference does the Chinese version make?. Psychological Assessment. 1991;3:616–622
  4. Chung TK, Lau TK, Yip AS, Chiu HF, Lee DT. Antepartum depressive symptomatology is associated with adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes. Psychosomatic Medicine. 2001;63:830–834
  5. Copper RL, Goldenberg RL, Das A, Elder N, Swain M, Norman G, et al. The preterm prediction study: maternal stress is associated with spontaneous preterm birth at less than 35 weeks' gestation. American Journal of Obstetric and Gynecology. 1996;175:1286–1292
  6. Cox JL. Psychiatric morbidity and pregnancy: a controlled study of 263 semi-rural Ugandan women. British Journal of Psychiatry. 1979;134:401–405
  7. Cox JL, Holden JM, Sagovsky R. Detection of postnatal depression: development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. British Journal of Psychiatry. 1987;150:782–786
  8. Cutrona CE. Causal attributions and perinatal depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 1983;92:161–172
  9. Da Costa D, Larouche J, Dritsa M, Brender W. Psychosocial correlates of prepartum and postpartum depressed mood. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2000;59:31–40
  10. Dikötter F. Imperfect Conceptions: Medical Knowledge, Birth Defects and Eugenics in China. New York: Columbia University Press; 1998;
  11. Evans J, Heron J, Francomb H, Oke S, Golding J. Cohort study of depressed mood during pregnancy and after childbirth. British Medical Journal. 2001;323:257–260
  12. First MB, Spitzer RL, Gibbon M, Williams JB. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders, Research Version, Non-patient Edition, (SCID-I/NP). New York: Biometrics Research, New York State Psychiatric Institute; 2001;
  13. Gelder MG, Gath D, Mayou R. In: Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry. 2nd ed.. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1990;p. 390–392
  14. Gotlib IH, Whiffen VE, Mount JH, Milne K. Prevalence rates and demographic characteristics associated with depression in pregnancy and the postpartum. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1989;57:269–274
  15. Hedegaard M, Henriksen TB, Secher NJ, Hatch MC, Sabroe S. Do stressful life events affect duration of gestation and risk of preterm delivery?. Epidemiology. 1996;7:339–345
  16. Hobfoll SE, Ritter C, Lavin J, Hulsizer MR. Depression prevalence and incidence among inner-city pregnant and postpartum women. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1995;63:445–453
  17. Hudson WW. The Clinical Measurement Package: a Field Manual. Chicago: Dorsey Press; 1982;
  18. Kitamura T, Shima S, Sugawara M, Toda MA. Temporal variation of validity of self-rating questionnaires: Repeated use of the General Health Questionnaire and Zung's Self- Rating Depression Scale among women during antenatal and postnatal periods. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 1994;90:446–450
  19. Kumar R, Robson KM. A prospective study of emotional disorders in childbearing women. British Journal of Psychiatry. 1984;144:35–47
  20. Lee DTS, Wong CK, Cheung LP, Leung CM, Haines CJ, Chung TKH. Psychiatric morbidity following miscarriage: a prevalence study of Chinese women in Hong Kong. Journal of Affective Disorders. 1997;43:63–68
  21. Lee DT, Yip SK, Chiu HF, Leung TY, Chan KP, Chau IO, et al. Detecting postnatal depression in Chinese women. Validation of the Chinese version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. British Journal of Psychiatry. 1998;172:433–437
  22. Lee DTS, Yip SK, Chiu HFK, Leung TYS, Chung TKH. An psychiatric epidemiological study of postpartum Chinese women. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2001;158:220–226
  23. Lee DTS, Yip SK, Chiu HFK, Leung TYS, Chung TKH. Screening for postnatal depression: are specific instruments mandatory?. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2001;63:233–238
  24. Lou H, Hansen D, Nordenfolt M. Prenatal stressors of human life affect fetal brain development. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. 1994;36:826–832
  25. Lundy B, Jones NA, Field T, Nearing G, Davalos M, Pietro PA, et al. Prenatal depression effects on neonates. Infant Behavior and Development. 1998;22:119–129
  26. O'Hara MW, Zekoski EM, Philipps LH, Wright EJ. Controlled prospective study of postpartum mood disorders: Comparison of childbearing and non-childbearing women. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 1990;99:3–15
  27. O'Hara MW, Schlechte JA, Lewis DA, Varner MW. Controlled prospective study of postpartum mood disorders: psychological, environmental, and hormonal variables. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 1991;100:63–73
  28. Perkin MR, Bland JM, Peacock JL, Anderson HR. The effect of anxiety and depression during pregnancy on obstetric complications. British Journal of Obstetric and Gynaecology. 1993;100:629–634
  29. Qiu JY, Wang ZC, Xie B, Lee D, Luo LM, Mei LP. A prospective study of postpartum depression: biological and psychosocial factors. Chinese Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases. 2001;27:26–28
  30. Saks BR. Depressed mood during pregnancy and the puerperium: clinical recognition and implications for clinical practice. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1985;142:728–731
  31. Shek DTL. Reliability and factorial structure of the Chinese version of the Beck Depression Inventory. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 1990;46:35–43
  32. Sherbourne CD, Stewart AL. The MOS Social Support Survey. Social Science and Medicine. 1991;32:705–714
  33. Smith R, Cubis J, Brinsmead M, Lewin T. Mood changes, obstetric experience and alterations in plasma cortisol, beta-endorphin and corticotrophin releasing hormone during pregnancy and the puerperium. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 1990;34:53–69
  34. Spinelli MG. Interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed antepartum women: a pilot study. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1997;154:1028–1030
  35. Teixeira JMA, Fisk NM, Glover V. Association between maternal anxiety in pregnancy and increased uterine artery resistance index: cohort based study. British Medical Journal. 1999;318:153–157
  36. Wadhwa PD, Sandman CA, Porto M, Dunkel-Schetter C, Garite TJ. The association between prenatal stress and infant birth weight and gestational age at birth: a prospective investigation. American Journal of Obstetric and Gynecology. 1993;169:858–865
  37. Watson JP, Elliott SA, Rugg AJ, Brough DI. Psychiatric disorder in pregnancy and the first postnatal year. British Journal of Psychiatry. 1984;144:453–462
  38. Whiffen VE. Vulnerability to postpartum depression: a prospective multivariate study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 1988;97:467–474
  39. Wilson LM, Reid AJ, Midmer DK, Biringer A, Carroll JC, Stewart DE. Antenatal psychosocial risk factors associated with adverse postpartum family outcomes. Canadian Medical Association Journal. 1996;154:785–799
  40. Zuckerman B, Amaro H, Bauchner H, Cabral H. Depressive symptoms during pregnancy: relationship to poor health behaviours. American Journal of Obstetric and Gynecology. 1989;160:1107–1111

PII: S0165-0327(03)00259-3

doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2003.10.003

Journal of Affective Disorders
Volume 82, Issue 1 , Pages 93-99 , 1 October 2004

Article Tools