Journal of Affective Disorders
Volume 80, Issue 2 , Pages 145-153 , June 2004

The sleep of remitted bipolar outpatients: a controlled naturalistic study using actigraphy

  • Audrey Millar

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Glasgow, Academic Centre, Gartnavel Royal Hospital, 1055 Great Western Rd, Glasgow G12 0XH, UK
  • ,
  • Colin A Espie

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Glasgow, Academic Centre, Gartnavel Royal Hospital, 1055 Great Western Rd, Glasgow G12 0XH, UK
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author.
  • ,
  • Jan Scott

      Affiliations

    • Division of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Glasgow, UK

Received 2 May 2002 ,Revised 14 February 2003 ,Accepted 14 February 2003.

References 

  1. American Psychiatric Association . In: The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th Edition (DSM-IV). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1995;
  2. Ashman SB, Monk TH, Kupfer DJ, Clark CH, Myers FS, Frank E, et al. Relationship between social rhythms and mood in patients with rapid cycling bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Res. 1999;86:1–8
  3. Barbini B, Bertelli S, Colombo C, Smeraldi E. Sleep loss, a possible factor in augmenting manic episodes. Psychiatry Res. 1996;65:121–125
  4. Bowden C. Strategies to reduce misdiagnosis of bipolar depression. Psychiatr. Serv. 2001;52:51–55
  5. Ehlers C, Frank E, Kupfer D. Social zeitgebers and biological rhythms: a unified approach to understanding the etiology of depression. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 1988;45:948–952
  6. Espie CA. In: The Psychological Treatment of Insomnia. Chichester: Wiley; 1991;
  7. First MB, Gibbon M, Spitzer RC, Williams JBW, Benjamin LS. In: Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis-I Disorders: (SCID-I), Clinician version. American Psychiatric Press; 1997;
  8. Giles DE, Jarrett RB, Rush AJ, Biggs MM, Roffwarg HP. Prospective assessment of electroencephalographic sleep in remitted major depression. Psychiatry Res. 1993;46:269–284
  9. Giles DE, Roffwarg HP, Rush AJ. A cross-sectional study of the effects of depression on REM latency. Biol. Psychiatry. 1990;28:697–704
  10. Goodwin F, Jamison K. In: Manic Depressive Illness. Oxford: OUP; 1990;p. 552–556
  11. Gruber R, Sadeh A, Raviv A. Instability of sleep patterns in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry. 2000;39(4):495–501
  12. Kessler RC, Nelson CB, McGonagle KA, Edlund MJ, Frank RG, Leaf PJ. The epidemiology of co-occurring addictive and mental disorders: implications for prevention and service utilisation. Am. J. Orthopsychiatry. 1996;66:17–31
  13. Klein E, Lavie P, Meiraz R, Sadeh A, Lenox RH. Increased motor activity and recurrent manic episodes: predictors of relapse in remitted bipolar disorder patients after lithium discontinuation. Biol. Psychiatry. 1992;31:279–284
  14. Klein E, Mairaz R, Pascal M, Hefez A, Lavie P. Discontinuation of lithium treatment in remitted bipolar patients: relationship between clinical outcome and changes in sleep–wake cycles. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 1991;179(80):499–501
  15. Knowles JB, Cairns J, MacLean AW, Delva N, Prowse A, Waldron J, et al. The sleep of remitted bipolar depressives: comparison with sex and age matched controls. Can. J. Psychiatry. 1986;31:295–298
  16. Lauer CJ, Schreiber W, Holsboer F, Krieg JC. In quest of identifying vulnerability markers for psychiatric disorders by all-night polysomnography. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 1995;52:145–153
  17. Leibenluft E, Albert PS, Rosenthal NE, Wehr TA. Relationship between sleep and mood in patients with rapid-cycling bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Res. 1996;63:161–168
  18. Leibenluft E, Clark CH, Myers FS. The reproducability of depressive and hypomanic symptoms across repeated episodes in patients with rapid-cycling bipolar disorder. J. Affect. Disord. 1995;33:83–88
  19. Malkoff-Schartz S, Frank E, Kupfer D, et al.  Stressful life events and social rhythm disruption in the onset of manic and depressive episodes of bipolar disorder. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 1998;55:707–708
  20. Morin CM. In: Insomnia: Psychological Assessment and Management. New York: Guildford Press; 1993;p. 195–197
  21. Nowlin-Finch NL, Altshuler LL, Szuba MP, Mint J. Rapid resolution of first episodes of mania: sleep related?. J. Clin. Psychiatry. 1994;55:26–29
  22. Perry A, Tarrier N, Morriss R, McCarthy E, Limb K. Randomised controlled trial of efficacy of teaching patients with bipolar disorder to identify early symptoms of relapse and obtain treatment. Br. Med. J. 1999;318:149–153
  23. Rush AJ, Erman MK, Giles DE, Schlesser MA, Carpenter G, Vasavada N, et al. Polysomnographic findings in recently drug free and clinically remitted depressed patients. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 1986;43:878–884
  24. Sadeh A, Hauri PJ, Kripke DF, Lavie P. The role of actigraphy in the evaluation of sleep disorders. Sleep. 1995;18:288–302
  25. Sadeh A, Alster J, Urbach D, Lavie P. Actigraphically based automatic bedtime sleep–wake scoring: validity and clinical applications. J. Ambul. Monit. 1989;2:209–216
  26. Scott J, Garland A, Moorhead S. A pilot study of cognitive therapy for bipolar disorders. Psychol. Med. 2001;31:459–467
  27. Sitaram N, Nurnberger JI, Gershon ES, Gillin JC. Cholinergic regulation of mood and REM sleep: potential model and marker of vulnerability to affective disorder. Am. J. Psychiatry. 1982;139(5):571–576
  28. Wehr TA, Sack DA, Duncan WC, Mendelson WB, Rosenthal NE, Gillin JC, et al. Sleep and circadian rhythms in affective patients isolated from external time cues. Psychiatry Res. 1985;15:327–339
  29. Whybrow PC, Guylia L. The chronorecord: tracking bipolar patterns and treatment effects. In: Abstracts for the 2nd International Conference on New Directions in Affective Disorders, Jerusalem. 1995;

PII: S0165-0327(03)00055-7

doi: 10.1016/S0165-0327(03)00055-7

Journal of Affective Disorders
Volume 80, Issue 2 , Pages 145-153 , June 2004