Journal of Affective Disorders
Volume 78, Issue 1 , Pages 37-48 , January 2004

Partial posttraumatic stress disorder revisited

  • Jacques Mylle

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychology, Royal Military Academy (RMA), Renaissancelaan, 30, B1000 Brussels, Belgium
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +32-2-737-6600; fax: +32-2-737-6512.
    • ,
  • Michael Maes

      Affiliations

    • Clinical Research Center for Mental Health (CRC-MH), Antwerp, Belgium
    • Department of Psychiatry, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands

,Revised 14 June 2002 ,Accepted 15 June 2002.

References 

  1. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 3th Edition. Washington, DC: APA; 1980;
  2. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. (3th Edition, rev). Washington, DC: APA; 1987;
  3. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th Edition. Washington, DC: APA; 1994;
  4. Blanchard EB, Hickling EJ, Taylor AE, Loos WR, Gerardi RJ. Psychological morbidity associated with motor vehicle accidents. Behav. Res. Ther. 1994;32:283–290
  5. Blanchard EB, Hickling EJ, Taylor AE, Loos WR. Psychiatric morbidity associated with motor vehicle accidents. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 1995;182(8):495–504
  6. Blank AS. The longitudinal course of posttraumatic stress disorder. In:  Davidson JRT,  Foa EB editor. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: DSM-IV and Beyond. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1992;
  7. Carlier IV, Gersons BP. Partial Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): the issue of psychological scars and the occurrence of PTSD symptoms. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 1995;183(2):107–109
  8. Chibnall JY, Duckro PN. Post-traumatic stress disorder in chronic posttraumatic headache patients. Headache. 1994;34:357–361
  9. Davidson JRT, Hughes D, Blazer D, et al.  Post traumatic stress disorder in the community: an epidemiological study. Psychol. Med. 1991;21:1–9
  10. De Boeck P, Rosenberg S. Hierarchical classes: Model and data analysis. Psychometrika. 1988;53:361–381
  11. De Boeck, P., Van Damme, G., Van Mechelen, I., 1992. HICLAS computer program: Version 2.0. Leuven, Katholieke Universiteit.
  12. Green MM, McFarlane AC, Hunter CE, Criggs WM. Undiagnosed posttraumatic stress disorder following motor accidents. Med. J. Austr. 1993;159:529–534
  13. Helzer JE, Robins LN, McEvoy L. Posttraumatic stress disorder in the general population. N. Engl. J. Med. 1987;317:1630–1634
  14. Hickling EJ, Blanchard EB. Posttraumatic stress disorder and motor vehicle accidents. J. Anxiety Disord. 1992;6:285–291
  15. Hickling EJ, Blanchard EB, Silverman DJ, Schwartz SP. Motor vehicle accidents, headaches and posttraumatic stress disorder. Assessment findings in a consecutive series. Headache. 1992;32:147–151
  16. Kuch K, Cox BJ, Evans RJ, Shulman I. Phobias, panic, and pain in 55 survivors of road vehicle accidents. J. Anxiety Disord. 1994;8:181–187
  17. Kulka, R.A., Schlenger, W.E., Fairbank, J.A., Hough, R.L., Jordan, B.K., Marmar, C.R., Weiss, D.S., 1988. National Vietnam veterans readjustment study advance data report: Preliminary findings from the national survey of the Vietnam generation. Veterans Administration, Washington, DC.
  18. Malt U. The long-term psychiatric consequences of accidental injury: A longitudinal study of 107 adults. Br. J. Psychiatry. 1988;153:810–818
  19. McLeer SV, Deblinger E, Atkins MS, Foa EB, et al.  Posttraumatic stress disorder in sexually abused children. Annual Meeting of the Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 1987, Washington, DC. J. Am. Acad. Child Adol. Psychiatry. 1988;27(5):650–654
  20. McLeer SV, Deblinger E, Henry D, Orvaschel H. Sexually abused children at high risk for post-traumatic stress disorder. J. Am. Acad. Child Adol. Psychiatry. 1992;31(5):875–879
  21. Maes M, Lin A, Bonaccorso S, van hunsel F, Van Gastel A, Delmeire L, et al. Increased baseline hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activity in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder and major depression, but not in patients with fibromyalgia. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 1998;98:328–335
  22. Maes M, Lin A, Verkerk R, Delmeire L, Van Gastel A, Gommeren W, et al. Serotonergic and noradrenergic markers of posttraumatic stress disorder: lower affinity of platelet paroxetine and alpha-2 binding sites and increased plasma tyrosine availability to the brain. Neuropsychopharmacology. 1999;20:188–197
  23. Parson ER. Post traumatic demoralization syndrome. J. Contemp. Psychother. 1990;20(1):17–33
  24. Patterson DR, Carrigan L, Questad KA, Robinson R. Post-traumatic stress disorder in hospitalized patients with burn injuries. J. Burn Care Rehab. 1990;11(3):181–184
  25. Smeets, M.R., Dingemans, P.M., 1993. Composite International Diagnostic Interview, Version 1.1, Interviewers Version, Dutch translation, World Health Organization.
  26. Stoddard FJ, Norman DK, Murphy JM. A diagnostic outcome study of children and adolescents with severe burns. J. Trauma. 1989;29(4):471–477
  27. Taylor S, Koch W. Anxiety disorders due to motor vehicle accidents: Nature and treatment. Clin. Psychol. Rev. 1995;15:721–738
  28. Van Driel RC, Op den Velde W. Myocardial infarction and posttraumatic stress disorder. J. Trauma Stress. 1995;8:151–159
  29. Weiss DS, Marmar CR, Schlenger WE, Fairbank JA, et al.  The prevalence of lifetime and partial post-traumatic stress disorder in Vietnam theater veterans. J. Trauma Stress. 1992;5:365–376

PII: S0165-0327(02)00218-5

doi: 10.1016/S0165-0327(02)00218-5

Journal of Affective Disorders
Volume 78, Issue 1 , Pages 37-48 , January 2004

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution