Journal of Affective Disorders
Volume 66, Issue 2 , Pages 185-191 , October 2001

Bone mineral density in pre-and post-menopausal women with affective disorder treated with long-term l-thyroxine augmentation

  • Laszlo Gyulai

      Affiliations

    • University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Bipolar Disorders Unit, 3600 Market Street, Room 800, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +1-215-662-2307; fax: +1-215-898-0509
    • ,
  • Michael Bauer

      Affiliations

    • Freie Universitaet Berlin, Universitaetsklinikum Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry, Berlin, Germany
    • University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Neuropsychiatric Institute and Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
    • ,
  • Felipe Garcia-Espana

      Affiliations

    • University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Bipolar Disorders Unit, 3600 Market Street, Room 800, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
    • ,
  • Johannes Hierholzer

      Affiliations

    • Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Charite, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Department of Radiology, Berlin, Germany
    • ,
  • Andreas Baumgartner

      Affiliations

    • Freie Universitaet Berlin, Universitaetsklinikum Benjamin Franklin, Department of Radiological Diagnostics and Nuclear Medicine, Berlin, Germany
    • ,
  • Anne Berghöfer

      Affiliations

    • Freie Universitaet Berlin, Universitaetsklinikum Benjamin Franklin, Department of Psychiatry, Berlin, Germany
    • ,
  • Peter C. Whybrow

      Affiliations

    • University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Neuropsychiatric Institute and Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA

Received 12 July 1999 ,Accepted 22 August 2000.

References 

  1. Adlin EV, Maurer AH, Marks AD, Channick BJ. Bone mineral density in postmenopausal women treated with l-thyroxine. Am. J. Med. 1991;90:360–366
  2. Bauer MS, Whybrow PC. Rapid cycling bipolar affective disorder. II. Treatment of refractory rapid cycling with high-dose levothyroxine: a preliminary study. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 1990;47:435–440
  3. Bauer DC, Nevitt MC, Ettinger B, Stone K. Low thyrotropin levels are not associated with bone loss in older women: a prospective study. J. Clin. Endocr. Metab. 1997;82:2931–2936
  4. Bauer M, Hellweg R, Graf KJ, Baumgartner A. Treatment of refractory depression with high-dose thyroxine. Neuropsychopharmacology. 1998;18:444–455
  5. Bauer M., Priebe, S., Berghöfer, A., Bschor, T., Kiesslinger, K., Whybrow, P.C. Subjective response to and tolerability of long-term supraphysiological doses of levothyroxine in refractory mood disorders. J. Affect. Disord., in press
  6. Baumgartner A, Bauer M, Hellweg R. Treatment of intractable non-rapid cycling bipolar affective disorder with high-dose thyroxine: an open clinical trial. Neuropsychopharmacology. 1994;10:183–189
  7. Cummings SR, Kelsey JL, Nevitt MC, O’Dowd KJ. Epidemiology of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures. Epidemiol. Rev. 1985;7:178–208
  8. Duncan WE, Chang A, Solomon B, Wartofsky L. Influence of clinical characteristics and parameters associated with thyroid hormone therapy on the bone mineral density of women treated with thyroid hormone. Thyroid. 1994;4:183–190
  9. Faber J, Galloe AM. Changes in bone mass during prolonged subclinical hyperthyroidism due to l-thyroxine treatment: a meta-analysis. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 1994;130:350–356
  10. Florkowski CM, Brownlie BE, Elliot JR, Ayling EM, Turner JG. Bone mineral density in patients receiving suppressive doses of thyroxine for thyroid carcinoma. New Zeal. Med. J. 1993;106:443–444
  11. Franklyn JA, Betteridge J, Daykin J, Holder R, Oates GD, Parle JV, et al. Long-term thyroxine treatment and bone mineral density. Lancet. 1992;340:9–13
  12. Franklyn J, Betteridge J, Holder R, Daykin J, Lilley J, Sheppard M. Bone mineral density in thyroxine treated females with or without a previous history of thyrotoxicosis. Clin. Endocrinol. 1994;41(4):425–432
  13. Franklyn JA, Betteridge J, Holder R, Sheppard MC. Effect of estrogen replacement therapy upon bone mineral density in thyroxine-treated postmenopausal women with a past history of thyrotoxicosis. Thyroid. 1995;5:359–363
  14. Gorres G, Kaim A, Otte A, Gotze M, Muller-Brand J. Bone mineral density in patients receiving suppressive doses of thyroxine for differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. 1996;23:690–692
  15. Greenspan SL, Greenspan FS. The effect of thyroid hormone on skeletal integrity. Ann. Intern. Med. 1999;130:750–758
  16. Greenspan SL, Greenspan FS, Resnick NM, Block JE, Friedlander AL, Genant HK. Skeletal integrity in premenopausal and postmenopausal women receiving long-term l-thyroxine therapy. Am. J. Med. 1991;91:5–14
  17. Gürlek A, Gedik O. Effect of endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism on bone metabolism and bone mineral density in premenopausal women. Thyroid. 1999;9:539–543
  18. Gyulai L, Jaggi J, Bauer MS, Younkin S, Rubin L, Attie M, et al. Bone mineral density and l-thyroxine treatment in rapidly cycling bipolar disorder. Biol. Psychiatry. 1997;41:503–506
  19. Kung AW, Lorentz T, Tam SC. Thyroxine suppressive therapy decreases bone mineral density in post-menopausal women. Clin. Endocrinol. 1993;39:535–540
  20. Lenchik L, Rochmis P, Sartoris DJ. Optimized interpretation and reporting of dual X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans. Am. J. Radiol. 1998;171:1509–1520
  21. Michelson D, Stratakis C, Hill L, Reynolds J, Galliven E, Chrousos G, et al. Bone mineral density in women with depression. New Engl. J. Med. 1996;335:1176–1181
  22. Miller PD, Bonnick SL, Rosen CJ. Consensus of an international panel on the utility of bone mass measurements in the detection of low bone mass in the adult population. Calcif. Tissue Int. 1996;58:207–214
  23. Nuzzo V, Lupoli G, Esposito Del Puente A, Rampone E, Carpinelli A, Del Puente AE, et al. Bone mineral density in premenopausal women receiving levothyroxine suppressive therapy. Gynecol. Endocrinol. 1998;12:333–337
  24. Whybrow PC. The therapeutic use of triiodothyronine and high dose thyroxine in psychiatric disorder. Acta Med. Aust. 1994;21:44–47

PII: S0165-0327(00)00306-2

Journal of Affective Disorders
Volume 66, Issue 2 , Pages 185-191 , October 2001

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution