Journal of Affective Disorders
Volume 90, Issue 1 , Pages 77-81, January 2006

Anxious-retarded depression: Relation to two-year outcome of major depressive disorder

  • R.F.P. de Winter

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands
    • Parnassia Psycho-Medical Centre, The Hague, The Netherlands
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Parnassia Psycho-Medical Center, Avocadostraat 2 2552 HS The Hague, The Netherlands. Tel.: +31 70 3917 191; fax: +31 70 3917 181.
    • ,
  • F.G. Zitman

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands
    • Rijngeest Groep, Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • J.C. van Houwelingen

      Affiliations

    • Department Medical Statistics, Leiden University, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • R. Wolterbeek

      Affiliations

    • Department Medical Statistics, Leiden University, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • J.G. Goekoop

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands
    • Rijngeest Groep, Oegstgeest, The Netherlands

Received 14 January 2005; received in revised form 7 October 2005; accepted 8 October 2005.

Abstract 

Background

Anxious-retarded depression is a two-dimensionally defined subcategory of depression derived from DSM-IV melancholia. It is related to increased plasma vasopressin, correlative plasma vasopressin and cortisol levels, and a positive family history. We now explored its relation with outcome.

Methods

Seventy depressed patients were included to follow-up for two years. Outcome was defined by time until full-remission. Cox regression analyses were used to compare anxious-retarded and non-anxious-retarded patients, as well as melancholic and non-melancholic patients.

Results

Anxious-retarded depression had poor outcome.

Limitations

The number of patients was relatively small.

Conclusion

The poor outcome of anxious-retarded depression further supports its validity.

Keywords: Melancholia, Anxiety, Psychomotor retardation, Outcome

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PII: S0165-0327(05)00293-4

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2005.10.003

Journal of Affective Disorders
Volume 90, Issue 1 , Pages 77-81, January 2006

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